The Human Genome Project Essay examples - 2620 Words

The Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project is one of the most widely discussed topics in genetics today. The United States human genome project began in 1990, when the $3 billion dollar project to map 3 billion DNA base pairs was announced.(4) When the initial funding was provided, it was anticipated that the project would require 15 years to complete and the target date for completion was 2005.(8) Recent technological advances have shortened that time period, and it is now estimated that the program will be complete by 2003.(1) The program now has been expanded to an international effort involving research facilities in France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. There are also several private companies†¦show more content†¦Technical Aspects The technical aspects of the genome project are relatively complex and still have issues to resolve. The Human Genome Projects goal is to produce a highly accurate reference sequence of the human genome. The human genome is composed of a single compound, DNA. DNA is basically just a sequence of different base pairs, adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine, which are arranged in a double helix structure. Their purpose is to direct cell function and ultimately tissue differentiation. The DNA makes an organism what it is by directing the development of the body, including distinguishing characteristics and biochemical processes. The goal of the project is to sequence this sequence of DNA so that a map of it may be produced that shows the location and arrangement of all of the base pairs present in a human being. The level of accuracy of the DNA sample is 1 error in 10,000 base pairs.(1) The sample should be largely continuous across each human chromosome. The vast majority of human DNA i s similar from individual to individual with differences occurring only at specific areas. The project plans to map 80,000 human genes to specific chromosomal location prior to its completion. When the American genome project was formed the question of how to obtain a representative sample was raised. The decision was made that a DNA sample would be obtained from four individuals. This was further complicated when it was found that the DNA cameShow MoreRelatedThe Human Genome Project1460 Words   |  6 PagesGene Essay Assignment: The Human Genome Project A genome is the complete DNA set of an organism. These DNA molecules are made up of two strands. Every strand is composed of four nucleotide bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. Complementary strands are paired in certain ways. Cytosine always pairs with guanine and adenine always pairs with thymine. The human genome holds about 3 billion base pairs, found in the chromosomes. Each of the 46 chromosomes are composed of thousands of genesRead MoreThe Human Of Human Genome Project995 Words   |  4 PagesThe Human Genome Project has been introduced to us more than twenty-five years from now. It was Initiated and sponsored by the National Human Genome Research Institute, the project was introduced aiming at researching more human genes in order to understand, read genes and find cure for diseases. It guided the medical field to new direction but at the same time created new challenges and problems. The primary objective of the project isn’t wrong or questionable but s ome believe its implications areRead MoreThe Human Genome Project?1023 Words   |  5 Pages The Human Genome Project Today we are learning the language in which God created life . . . humankind is on the verge of gaining immense new power to heal. Genome science will have a real impact on all our lives, and even more on the lives of our children. It will revolutionise the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of most, if not all, human diseases. - Bill Clinton, June 2002. The Human Genome Project came into existence in the late 1980 s asRead MoreThe Human Genome Project763 Words   |  3 Pages The author, Francis S. Collins, is the man responsible for the successful completion of Human Genome Project (HGP). HGP is an international multidisciplinary scientific research project which was involved in mapping and sequencing human DNA and determining the various aspects of its function. With this incredible expertise to his credit, Dr. Collins in the book ‘The Language of Life’ talks about personalizing medicine by understanding the DNA of each individual. The author starts by narrating someRead MoreThe Human Genome Project541 Words   |  2 Pages The Human Genome Project (HGP) began in 1990 with funding from the Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health with the goal of decoding the human genome. Researchers from across the world are working in conjunction to understand the sequence of amino acid base pairs and how they interact with one another to elicit specific genetic reactions. Once the decoding of the genome takes place, scientists will be able to develop individual treatment plans and understand a number of diseasesRead MoreEssay on The Human Genome Project1579 Words   |  7 Pages Does the Human Genome Project effect the moral standards of society? Can the information produced by it become a beneficial asset or a moral evil? For example, X chromosome markers can be used to identify ethnicity. A seemingly harmless collection of information from the Human Genome Project. But lets assume this information is used to explore ways to deny entry into countries, determine social class, or who gets prefer ential treatment. Whether or not this type of treatment is acceptable to a moralRead MoreThe Human Genome Project ( Hgp )1324 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2000, the $3 billion dollar project--The Human Genome Project (HGP)--came to completion. Geneticists can now provide a patient with a comprehensive map of their DNA sequence. Obtaining such information can tell a patient if they have the gene variant associated with many different genetically linked diseases such as Alzheimer’s, diabetes, heart conditions or even cancer. This medical revolution can indicate what drugs to take, at what dosage and what lifestyle choices can be made in order to preventRead MoreThe Human Genome Project : A Research Project1097 Words   |  5 PagesThe human genome project is a research project which had a purpose of being able to map and understand all the genes of human beings and organisms (National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health 2014a) and to determine the DNA se quence of the complete genome (National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health 2014b). The Human genome project enabled researchers to obtain the instructions they needed to gain an understanding of how to build an individualRead MoreEvolution Of The Human Genome Project1273 Words   |  6 PagesWhile many diseases and viruses are caused by outside sources, some diseases occur from within the human body. Regular ailments can be cured with medicine, or fought off overtime by getting a vaccine, but certain diseases and anomalies cannot be directly treated. This is because they are genetically inherited by certain parts of one’s DNA. DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid, and is inherited from the parents of a person. These strands, found within the nucleus of all cells, determine the appearanceRead MoreThe Human Genome Project A Go Or No?1319 Words   |  6 Pages Is the Human Genome Project a Go or No? Rapid growth in the health field over the past several decades has brought with it many advancements even in the prenatal stages of life, one may think this is all positive, but is it really? With all new technology and advancements in the health field the lives of humans can be heavily impacted by these advancements in the study of human genes. The study of the human genome began in the early 1990s and involved into a global project. The purpose was to

Use of the Golden Ratio in Our World Essay - 595 Words

Leonardo of Pisa, better known as Fibonacci, was born in Pisa, Italy, about 1175 AD. He was known as the greatest mathematician of the middle ages. Completed in 1202, Fibonacci wrote a book titled Liber abaci on how to do arithmetic in the decimal system. Although it was Fibonacci himself that discovered the sequence of numbers, it was French mathematician, Edouard Lucas who gave the actual name of Fibonacci numbers to the series of numbers that was first mentioned by Fibonacci in his book. Since this discovery, it has been shown that Fibonacci numbers can be seen in a variety of things today. He began the sequence with 0,1,†¦ and then calculated each successive number from the sum of the previous two. This sequence of numbers is†¦show more content†¦Throughout history the length to width ratio for rectangles was one to 1.61803 39887 49894 84820. This ratio has always been considered most pleasing to the eye. This ratio was named the golden ratio by the Greeks. In the world of mathematics, the numeric value is called phi, named for the Greek sculptor Phidias. The space between the columns form golden rectangles. There are golden rectangles throughout this structure which is found in Athens, Greece. He sculpted many things including the bands of sculpture that run above the columns of the Parthenon. Phidias widely used the golden ratio in his works of sculpture. The exterior dimensions of the Parthenon in Athens, built in about 440BC, form a perfect golden rectangle. Many artists who lived after Phidias have used this proportion. Piet Mondrian and Leonardo da Vinci both thought that art should manifest itself in continuous movement and beauty. Therefore, they both expressed movement by incorporating the golden rectangle into their paintings. The golden ratio expresses movement because it keeps on spiraling to infinity. They showed beauty in their paintings by using the golden ratio because it is pleasing to the eye. To express the Fibonacci Sequence in art one must pay close attention to beauty,Show MoreRelatedEssay The Golden Ratio995 Words   |  4 PagesThe Golden Ratio Certain pictures, objects, and animals appeal to the human mind more than others. Proportions and images of symmetry often contribute to our fascination with them. Often, when examined carefully, you may find a common â€Å"coincidence† between man made objects and those found naturally in nature. This fluke, however, may be used to ascertain various mathematical relationships between these objects. This paper will introduce the golden ratio and weigh its significance on mathRead MoreThe Role Of Mathematics And Grasp The Beauty Of It1007 Words   |  5 Pages Mathematics and Our Universe [The universe] cannot be read until we have learnt the language and become familiar with the characters in which it is written. It is written in mathematical language, and the letters are triangles, circles and other geometrical figures, without which means it is humanly impossible to comprehend a single word. Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642) Mathematics is ubiquitous. Discovered or invented, it has been aroundRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Fibonacci Rabbits 1552 Words   |  7 Pageswas entitled Liber Abaci or Book of the Counting. In this book, he used Hindu-Arabic numbers. This is the number system that we are using today. Prior to his writing, many people did not know or use this system of numbers. In the beginning, Fibonacci talked about how this system worked, basically how to use, write, and compute with these numbers. He taught this by focusing on real life examples (Encyclopedia Britannica). In his book, Fibonacci proposed a problem known as the rabbit problem. The problemRead MoreFractals: Stonehenge, the Pyramids of Giza, the Parthenon1575 Words   |  7 Pagesarchitectural feats-- Stonehenge, the Pyramids of Giza, the Parthenon, many Gothic Cathedrals, and the Taj Mahal-- and that they all somehow involved the use of the golden ratio. I will come back to how this relates to fractals later in the article, but for now know that each of these buildings use different aspects of their design to form the golden ratio. I was intrigued by the fact that fractals, what seemed to be something only formed by the forces of nature, were being constructed by human hands.Read MorePythagoras and Plato Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pagesprinciples. Pythagoras felt that all things could be explained and represented by mathematical formulae. Plato, Socrate’s most important disciple, believed that the world was divided into two realms, the visible and the intelligible. Part of the w orld, the visible, we could grasp with the five senses, but the intelligible we could only grasp with our minds. In their own way they both sought to explain the nature of reality and how we could know what is real. Pythagoras held that an accurate descriptionRead MoreFinancial Trend Analysis Of Tata Steel Ltd Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pagesmy guide Dr . ATUL KUMAR who has provided me the ways and techniques to make this project; even she helped me in finding out the research papers to complete this project. I would also like to give a special thanks to our director Dr. SUJATA KHANDAI who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic,† Financial Trend Analysis On TATA STEEL Ltd.† I would also like to thank my parents who helped me a lot in completing this project within the limited time frame. SAMIKSHRead MoreThe Parthenon : An Amazing And Expensive Achievement Of Ancient Greece1372 Words   |  6 PagesParthenon’s influence is tremendous throughout the western world, it is generally only faithfully represented in part- the nearest representations found during my research include the Walhalla and the Nashville Parthenon. This paper focuses mostly on the original building’s history and its influence on American architecture, with a short discussion on a site in Germany. Research was conducted through the use of our course’s textbook, our consortium library, and educational websites. After my researchRead MoreI Know That Sounds Like Digital Media And Advertising1998 Words   |  8 Pagesbasically says that if you divide any screen (television/movie/computer/smartphone) into a grid of equal thirds, the eye is naturally attracted to the 4 points on the grid where those lines intersect (this rectangle is commonly referred to as The Golden Section). Loo k familiar? It should: if you’ve ever turned on the â€Å"Grid† function on your iPhone camera, then you’ve been using The Rule of Thirds for years. So, try using this grid when choosing an image (most photo-editing software programs haveRead MoreThe Pseudoscience of the Modern World1624 Words   |  7 Pages(Alchemy in Art). Many of these books actually portrayed real characters such as Nicholas Flamel, a real alchemist in the 13th and 14th century. There are some hidden truths in these Alchemical fictions but not much else. They are most often fictional worlds where wizards weave spells. Alchemy although somewhat misguided, was actually a logical and scientific art that was vitally important to the development of modern science. Alchemy was not just a fantasy of random events. It had a specific goal. ThatRead More Plato on the Parthenon Essay905 Words   |  4 Pagesinclude whether the structure is an element of the Visible World or the Intelligible World. In my opinion, Plato would view the Parthenon as an object in the Visible World. The Parthenon is a one of a kind monument that is tangible and exists in our real world. The Parthenon is an architectural project and deals with forms of science and mathematics. Platos view of science and mathematics are categorized as forms in the Intelligible World, which are intangible. Through analysis of illusory tactics

Effectiveness of Alternative Dispute Resolution free essay sample

Effectiveness of Alternative Dispute Resolution Business Law BUS415 University of Phoenix November 21, 2007 Effectiveness of Alternative Dispute Resolution Introduction Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) has drastically improved over the last several years including many areas adding to the traditional commercial dispute in the form of arbitration; therefore mediation is the most important and the first step in the dispute resolution process. In resolving disputes the arbitrators along with the mediators have the most important role.Acting as neutrals, the mediators work to reconcile the parties’ differences before continuing to arbitration or litigation. The arbitrators also act as neutrals, but as a third party to hear evidence and decide upon the case, they can also be binding or non binding. ADR does also refer to any means of setting disputes outside of the courtroom. As stated ADR mainly includes arbitration, mediation, but is not limited to early neutral evaluation, a nd conciliation. Arbitration and meditation are the two most common forms of ADR in the court system today. We will write a custom essay sample on Effectiveness of Alternative Dispute Resolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Discussion Many school districts encourage the employees to develop options for ADR which can be utilized at the local district level. Parents and staff members are also encouraged to submit information relating to methods of ADR which have been proved effective. References Cradler, John and Yrchik, John. The National Information Infrastructure: Requirements for Education and Training. Washington, DC: National Coordinating Committee on Technology in Education and Training (NCC-TET) (1994). Cradler, John and Bridgforth, Elizabeth.

Management Accounting for Accountability-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theManagement Accounting for Stewardship and Accountability. Answer: Changes to accounting methods Motivations for changing the accounting system Improving the service and product quality is major concern of the management as the advancement in the production technology and the requirement for improving the performance through reducing the wastes can lead the management tools like business process re-engineering. Further, the management accounting has the role in these techniques and the non-financial managers are required to understand the co-ordination among new management approaches and accountings. The new activity based costing method is applied as it will emphasize the business process that is required for producing the services and goods and requirement of preparing the budgets and controlling the costs more efficiently. As the external stakeholders are not getting affected for changes in the quality control technologies, they were not required to be reported regarding these changes. Stewardship and accountability As per the given case study, total sales amounted to 6,800 whereas, the profits amounted to only $ 600, that is only 8.82% profit is earned on sales. However, Mr Chang, the owner of the company is in the view that accountant of the company, Mr Rosen is dishonest. To clarify the doubt Mr Chang shall take the following steps The vouchers and authorization related to all the expenses must be checked The expenses and the incomes of the current period shall be compared with the previous year and if any noticeable variance is found, reason for that must be verified. Chang may hold a meeting with Mr. Rosen and discuss regarding the reason behind lower level of profit.