The Human Genome Project Essay examples - 2620 Words

The Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project is one of the most widely discussed topics in genetics today. The United States human genome project began in 1990, when the $3 billion dollar project to map 3 billion DNA base pairs was announced.(4) When the initial funding was provided, it was anticipated that the project would require 15 years to complete and the target date for completion was 2005.(8) Recent technological advances have shortened that time period, and it is now estimated that the program will be complete by 2003.(1) The program now has been expanded to an international effort involving research facilities in France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. There are also several private companies†¦show more content†¦Technical Aspects The technical aspects of the genome project are relatively complex and still have issues to resolve. The Human Genome Projects goal is to produce a highly accurate reference sequence of the human genome. The human genome is composed of a single compound, DNA. DNA is basically just a sequence of different base pairs, adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine, which are arranged in a double helix structure. Their purpose is to direct cell function and ultimately tissue differentiation. The DNA makes an organism what it is by directing the development of the body, including distinguishing characteristics and biochemical processes. The goal of the project is to sequence this sequence of DNA so that a map of it may be produced that shows the location and arrangement of all of the base pairs present in a human being. The level of accuracy of the DNA sample is 1 error in 10,000 base pairs.(1) The sample should be largely continuous across each human chromosome. The vast majority of human DNA i s similar from individual to individual with differences occurring only at specific areas. The project plans to map 80,000 human genes to specific chromosomal location prior to its completion. When the American genome project was formed the question of how to obtain a representative sample was raised. The decision was made that a DNA sample would be obtained from four individuals. This was further complicated when it was found that the DNA cameShow MoreRelatedThe Human Genome Project1460 Words   |  6 PagesGene Essay Assignment: The Human Genome Project A genome is the complete DNA set of an organism. These DNA molecules are made up of two strands. Every strand is composed of four nucleotide bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. Complementary strands are paired in certain ways. Cytosine always pairs with guanine and adenine always pairs with thymine. The human genome holds about 3 billion base pairs, found in the chromosomes. Each of the 46 chromosomes are composed of thousands of genesRead MoreThe Human Of Human Genome Project995 Words   |  4 PagesThe Human Genome Project has been introduced to us more than twenty-five years from now. It was Initiated and sponsored by the National Human Genome Research Institute, the project was introduced aiming at researching more human genes in order to understand, read genes and find cure for diseases. It guided the medical field to new direction but at the same time created new challenges and problems. The primary objective of the project isn’t wrong or questionable but s ome believe its implications areRead MoreThe Human Genome Project?1023 Words   |  5 Pages The Human Genome Project Today we are learning the language in which God created life . . . humankind is on the verge of gaining immense new power to heal. Genome science will have a real impact on all our lives, and even more on the lives of our children. It will revolutionise the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of most, if not all, human diseases. - Bill Clinton, June 2002. The Human Genome Project came into existence in the late 1980 s asRead MoreThe Human Genome Project763 Words   |  3 Pages The author, Francis S. Collins, is the man responsible for the successful completion of Human Genome Project (HGP). HGP is an international multidisciplinary scientific research project which was involved in mapping and sequencing human DNA and determining the various aspects of its function. With this incredible expertise to his credit, Dr. Collins in the book ‘The Language of Life’ talks about personalizing medicine by understanding the DNA of each individual. The author starts by narrating someRead MoreThe Human Genome Project541 Words   |  2 Pages The Human Genome Project (HGP) began in 1990 with funding from the Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health with the goal of decoding the human genome. Researchers from across the world are working in conjunction to understand the sequence of amino acid base pairs and how they interact with one another to elicit specific genetic reactions. Once the decoding of the genome takes place, scientists will be able to develop individual treatment plans and understand a number of diseasesRead MoreEssay on The Human Genome Project1579 Words   |  7 Pages Does the Human Genome Project effect the moral standards of society? Can the information produced by it become a beneficial asset or a moral evil? For example, X chromosome markers can be used to identify ethnicity. A seemingly harmless collection of information from the Human Genome Project. But lets assume this information is used to explore ways to deny entry into countries, determine social class, or who gets prefer ential treatment. Whether or not this type of treatment is acceptable to a moralRead MoreThe Human Genome Project ( Hgp )1324 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2000, the $3 billion dollar project--The Human Genome Project (HGP)--came to completion. Geneticists can now provide a patient with a comprehensive map of their DNA sequence. Obtaining such information can tell a patient if they have the gene variant associated with many different genetically linked diseases such as Alzheimer’s, diabetes, heart conditions or even cancer. This medical revolution can indicate what drugs to take, at what dosage and what lifestyle choices can be made in order to preventRead MoreThe Human Genome Project : A Research Project1097 Words   |  5 PagesThe human genome project is a research project which had a purpose of being able to map and understand all the genes of human beings and organisms (National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health 2014a) and to determine the DNA se quence of the complete genome (National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health 2014b). The Human genome project enabled researchers to obtain the instructions they needed to gain an understanding of how to build an individualRead MoreEvolution Of The Human Genome Project1273 Words   |  6 PagesWhile many diseases and viruses are caused by outside sources, some diseases occur from within the human body. Regular ailments can be cured with medicine, or fought off overtime by getting a vaccine, but certain diseases and anomalies cannot be directly treated. This is because they are genetically inherited by certain parts of one’s DNA. DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid, and is inherited from the parents of a person. These strands, found within the nucleus of all cells, determine the appearanceRead MoreThe Human Genome Project A Go Or No?1319 Words   |  6 Pages Is the Human Genome Project a Go or No? Rapid growth in the health field over the past several decades has brought with it many advancements even in the prenatal stages of life, one may think this is all positive, but is it really? With all new technology and advancements in the health field the lives of humans can be heavily impacted by these advancements in the study of human genes. The study of the human genome began in the early 1990s and involved into a global project. The purpose was to

Use of the Golden Ratio in Our World Essay - 595 Words

Leonardo of Pisa, better known as Fibonacci, was born in Pisa, Italy, about 1175 AD. He was known as the greatest mathematician of the middle ages. Completed in 1202, Fibonacci wrote a book titled Liber abaci on how to do arithmetic in the decimal system. Although it was Fibonacci himself that discovered the sequence of numbers, it was French mathematician, Edouard Lucas who gave the actual name of Fibonacci numbers to the series of numbers that was first mentioned by Fibonacci in his book. Since this discovery, it has been shown that Fibonacci numbers can be seen in a variety of things today. He began the sequence with 0,1,†¦ and then calculated each successive number from the sum of the previous two. This sequence of numbers is†¦show more content†¦Throughout history the length to width ratio for rectangles was one to 1.61803 39887 49894 84820. This ratio has always been considered most pleasing to the eye. This ratio was named the golden ratio by the Greeks. In the world of mathematics, the numeric value is called phi, named for the Greek sculptor Phidias. The space between the columns form golden rectangles. There are golden rectangles throughout this structure which is found in Athens, Greece. He sculpted many things including the bands of sculpture that run above the columns of the Parthenon. Phidias widely used the golden ratio in his works of sculpture. The exterior dimensions of the Parthenon in Athens, built in about 440BC, form a perfect golden rectangle. Many artists who lived after Phidias have used this proportion. Piet Mondrian and Leonardo da Vinci both thought that art should manifest itself in continuous movement and beauty. Therefore, they both expressed movement by incorporating the golden rectangle into their paintings. The golden ratio expresses movement because it keeps on spiraling to infinity. They showed beauty in their paintings by using the golden ratio because it is pleasing to the eye. To express the Fibonacci Sequence in art one must pay close attention to beauty,Show MoreRelatedEssay The Golden Ratio995 Words   |  4 PagesThe Golden Ratio Certain pictures, objects, and animals appeal to the human mind more than others. Proportions and images of symmetry often contribute to our fascination with them. Often, when examined carefully, you may find a common â€Å"coincidence† between man made objects and those found naturally in nature. This fluke, however, may be used to ascertain various mathematical relationships between these objects. This paper will introduce the golden ratio and weigh its significance on mathRead MoreThe Role Of Mathematics And Grasp The Beauty Of It1007 Words   |  5 Pages Mathematics and Our Universe [The universe] cannot be read until we have learnt the language and become familiar with the characters in which it is written. It is written in mathematical language, and the letters are triangles, circles and other geometrical figures, without which means it is humanly impossible to comprehend a single word. Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642) Mathematics is ubiquitous. Discovered or invented, it has been aroundRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Fibonacci Rabbits 1552 Words   |  7 Pageswas entitled Liber Abaci or Book of the Counting. In this book, he used Hindu-Arabic numbers. This is the number system that we are using today. Prior to his writing, many people did not know or use this system of numbers. In the beginning, Fibonacci talked about how this system worked, basically how to use, write, and compute with these numbers. He taught this by focusing on real life examples (Encyclopedia Britannica). In his book, Fibonacci proposed a problem known as the rabbit problem. The problemRead MoreFractals: Stonehenge, the Pyramids of Giza, the Parthenon1575 Words   |  7 Pagesarchitectural feats-- Stonehenge, the Pyramids of Giza, the Parthenon, many Gothic Cathedrals, and the Taj Mahal-- and that they all somehow involved the use of the golden ratio. I will come back to how this relates to fractals later in the article, but for now know that each of these buildings use different aspects of their design to form the golden ratio. I was intrigued by the fact that fractals, what seemed to be something only formed by the forces of nature, were being constructed by human hands.Read MorePythagoras and Plato Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pagesprinciples. Pythagoras felt that all things could be explained and represented by mathematical formulae. Plato, Socrate’s most important disciple, believed that the world was divided into two realms, the visible and the intelligible. Part of the w orld, the visible, we could grasp with the five senses, but the intelligible we could only grasp with our minds. In their own way they both sought to explain the nature of reality and how we could know what is real. Pythagoras held that an accurate descriptionRead MoreFinancial Trend Analysis Of Tata Steel Ltd Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pagesmy guide Dr . ATUL KUMAR who has provided me the ways and techniques to make this project; even she helped me in finding out the research papers to complete this project. I would also like to give a special thanks to our director Dr. SUJATA KHANDAI who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic,† Financial Trend Analysis On TATA STEEL Ltd.† I would also like to thank my parents who helped me a lot in completing this project within the limited time frame. SAMIKSHRead MoreThe Parthenon : An Amazing And Expensive Achievement Of Ancient Greece1372 Words   |  6 PagesParthenon’s influence is tremendous throughout the western world, it is generally only faithfully represented in part- the nearest representations found during my research include the Walhalla and the Nashville Parthenon. This paper focuses mostly on the original building’s history and its influence on American architecture, with a short discussion on a site in Germany. Research was conducted through the use of our course’s textbook, our consortium library, and educational websites. After my researchRead MoreI Know That Sounds Like Digital Media And Advertising1998 Words   |  8 Pagesbasically says that if you divide any screen (television/movie/computer/smartphone) into a grid of equal thirds, the eye is naturally attracted to the 4 points on the grid where those lines intersect (this rectangle is commonly referred to as The Golden Section). Loo k familiar? It should: if you’ve ever turned on the â€Å"Grid† function on your iPhone camera, then you’ve been using The Rule of Thirds for years. So, try using this grid when choosing an image (most photo-editing software programs haveRead MoreThe Pseudoscience of the Modern World1624 Words   |  7 Pages(Alchemy in Art). Many of these books actually portrayed real characters such as Nicholas Flamel, a real alchemist in the 13th and 14th century. There are some hidden truths in these Alchemical fictions but not much else. They are most often fictional worlds where wizards weave spells. Alchemy although somewhat misguided, was actually a logical and scientific art that was vitally important to the development of modern science. Alchemy was not just a fantasy of random events. It had a specific goal. ThatRead More Plato on the Parthenon Essay905 Words   |  4 Pagesinclude whether the structure is an element of the Visible World or the Intelligible World. In my opinion, Plato would view the Parthenon as an object in the Visible World. The Parthenon is a one of a kind monument that is tangible and exists in our real world. The Parthenon is an architectural project and deals with forms of science and mathematics. Platos view of science and mathematics are categorized as forms in the Intelligible World, which are intangible. Through analysis of illusory tactics

Effectiveness of Alternative Dispute Resolution free essay sample

Effectiveness of Alternative Dispute Resolution Business Law BUS415 University of Phoenix November 21, 2007 Effectiveness of Alternative Dispute Resolution Introduction Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) has drastically improved over the last several years including many areas adding to the traditional commercial dispute in the form of arbitration; therefore mediation is the most important and the first step in the dispute resolution process. In resolving disputes the arbitrators along with the mediators have the most important role.Acting as neutrals, the mediators work to reconcile the parties’ differences before continuing to arbitration or litigation. The arbitrators also act as neutrals, but as a third party to hear evidence and decide upon the case, they can also be binding or non binding. ADR does also refer to any means of setting disputes outside of the courtroom. As stated ADR mainly includes arbitration, mediation, but is not limited to early neutral evaluation, a nd conciliation. Arbitration and meditation are the two most common forms of ADR in the court system today. We will write a custom essay sample on Effectiveness of Alternative Dispute Resolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Discussion Many school districts encourage the employees to develop options for ADR which can be utilized at the local district level. Parents and staff members are also encouraged to submit information relating to methods of ADR which have been proved effective. References Cradler, John and Yrchik, John. The National Information Infrastructure: Requirements for Education and Training. Washington, DC: National Coordinating Committee on Technology in Education and Training (NCC-TET) (1994). Cradler, John and Bridgforth, Elizabeth.

Management Accounting for Accountability-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theManagement Accounting for Stewardship and Accountability. Answer: Changes to accounting methods Motivations for changing the accounting system Improving the service and product quality is major concern of the management as the advancement in the production technology and the requirement for improving the performance through reducing the wastes can lead the management tools like business process re-engineering. Further, the management accounting has the role in these techniques and the non-financial managers are required to understand the co-ordination among new management approaches and accountings. The new activity based costing method is applied as it will emphasize the business process that is required for producing the services and goods and requirement of preparing the budgets and controlling the costs more efficiently. As the external stakeholders are not getting affected for changes in the quality control technologies, they were not required to be reported regarding these changes. Stewardship and accountability As per the given case study, total sales amounted to 6,800 whereas, the profits amounted to only $ 600, that is only 8.82% profit is earned on sales. However, Mr Chang, the owner of the company is in the view that accountant of the company, Mr Rosen is dishonest. To clarify the doubt Mr Chang shall take the following steps The vouchers and authorization related to all the expenses must be checked The expenses and the incomes of the current period shall be compared with the previous year and if any noticeable variance is found, reason for that must be verified. Chang may hold a meeting with Mr. Rosen and discuss regarding the reason behind lower level of profit.

Memorandum of the Case of the Central Park Children’s Zoo free essay sample

First of all, getting to know more about the new major donors before reaching agreements is important. Basically, some major donors donate a gift to a nonprofit because they want the nonprofit to use the money to what and how they promise and probably may not get involved in making plans. However, some donors are hands-on donors. If a nonprofit comes into contact with hands-on donors, they may want more from the nonprofits. They will try to make a plan which they think is good for the nonprofit or partially good for them, and get involved more than they should. Take Henry and Edith Everett, who were potential major donors of Central Park Children’s Zoo, as an example. Henry Everett visited other children’s zoos and gave suggestions on the zoo’s design and operating, and the Everetts cared so much about the design of the entry gate and their naming on it. We will write a custom essay sample on Memorandum of the Case of the Central Park Children’s Zoo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It may be good to have a hands-on donor because he or she may have some new ideas to bring in and help the nonprofit as a volunteer. However, those donors may also have more say or controls in the nonprofit, which may impact the regular operation or decision making of the nonprofit. As a result, it is important to know more about the major donors’ philanthropic history, especially when the donors are new for the nonprofit. If the nonprofit thinks that they can not have a good relationship with the donors, they should not make an agreement to receive the gift. For example, if the donors are hands-on donors, and the nonprofit does not want the donors participate so much on management, they may reject the donation. If the donors’ principles or behaviors mismatch with the nonprofits, the nonprofits should not accept the gift even though it is a large one. The second suggestion is dealing with the major gift and the relationship with major donors wisely. The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), which was the organization that was in charge of rebuilding the Children’s Park, did both good and bad jobs on handling the Everetts’ gift. The president and the vice president of WCS, William Conway and Jennifer Herring, warned the Everetts that the final form of acknowledgement would depend on different related parties that had a say in the plan. It is beneficial not to firmly promise the donors on something undecided or can not be guaranteed. However, the WCS could do more on explaining the process and the result of every process of the plan to the Everett. The WCS did not need the Everetts to attend the meetings of the plans; they even did not tell them more details on the meetings. When the Everett showed impatience of the long-time process of the plan and the repeated changes to the zoo’s design, the WCS should comfort them and explain the reasons for them. It seems the WCS did not care the major donors carefully enough. If the WCS had communicated more with the Everetts, their relationship would not end. Even though a nonprofit wants to withdraw a major gift, it is significant to keep the relationship with the major donor. The donor may still donate for other programs in the future, or they may ask someone else to give gifts to the nonprofits that he or she has a good relationship with or a good impression on. In addition, having a good relationship with the related parties of the plan is highly needed and is as important as with major donors. Related parties here include important previous donors, municipal agencies, and various community stakeholders and philanthropic community. Those relationships involve the reputation of the nonprofit, the cooperation between the nonprofit and the parties right now and in the future, the results of the nonprofits’ plans and programs, etc. The WCS did a good job on respecting the previous donor of the zoo. They insisted on crafting the names of the funders on the entry gate no matter how many times the design plan changed. Also, philanthropic context is not the same as the one in business and government. It focuses on using donors’ gift to benefit the target customers, not for the donors’ themselves or the nonprofit itself. It is hard but necessary to balance the relationship with all the parties that get involved. To sum up, in order to handle the $5 million potential donation with such a complicated philanthropic environment, I recommend withdrawing the major donation carefully. ABC Nonprofit should be aware of the donor’s background, should manage the major gift wisely, and should have and keep a good relationship with all parties.

Themes in A Farewell to Arms

Themes in A Farewell to Arms A Farewell to Arms is a novel that is set during World War 1. It is the story of two lovers, Henry and Catherine and the impact of the war on their life and love. The novel has several strong themes that are continuous throughout the books.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Themes in A Farewell to Arms specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tragedy The novel ends with Catherine’s death and Henry walking alone back home in the rain. He has lost his baby and the love of his life. When authoring the book, Hemmingway said â€Å"The fact that the book was a tragedy did not make me unhappy since I believed that life was a tragedy and it could only have one end† (Hemmingway, 1948, vii-viii) The author referred to the novel as his Romeo and Juliet. Unlike other forms of tragic narratives where the character suffers as a result of his wrong decision, Henry suffers for committing himself to love. He makes the de cision that the readers desire him to make. He decides to be with his love, and at the end, it turns out to be a sad affair when Catherine dies. As one reads the book, they sense an inevitable doom for the two lovers. The story will not end with them escaping to Switzerland to live a peaceful life. When the tragedy occurs, the readers come to concur with the author’s thoughts on life. It is indeed a tragedy (Merril, 1974). The tragedy is inevitable similar to the way Macbeth could not be forgiven his sins and restored to virtue or Lear be allowed to live his days with the faithful Cordelia. The author from the beginning of the story creates tragic expectations which must be fulfilled for the piece of literature to succeed. The author creates a sense of foreboding in several ways. When Henry thinks Catherine’s courage, he concludes that â€Å"If people bring so much courage to this world the world has to kill them to break them so of course, it kills them†¦it kill s the very good and the very gentle and the very brave impartially† (Hemmingway, 1948, pg258-259) When the lovers are in Switzerland and the seasons change from summer to autumn, Catherine also has a bad premonition. She tells Henry â€Å"I’m afraid of the rain because sometimes I see me dead in it.†(Hemmingway, 1948, pg131). The rain in the novel is symbolic of the tragedy that will occur.Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The pattern of the book’s narrative structure is also a premonition of danger in the future. In the first book, Henry is deep in the war experiencing its horrors. In book two life gets better as he is off the battleground and taken to Milan. He meets Catherine and falls in love. However, in book three, it again changes, and he is back to the war. In book five and six, the couple escapes into Switzerland; however , the reader knows that it will not end well. He waits for the cyclic pattern of peace and turmoil to be fulfilled. War’s devastating effects From the beginning, as the author narrates the story in the setting of World War 1, the reader is shown the horrors and trauma of war. In the second chapter, the landscape is described as â€Å"the forest of oak trees on the mountain beyond the town was gone. The forest had been green in the summer when we had come into the town, but now there were stumps and the broken trunks and the ground torn up.†(Hemmingway, 1948, p6). The war changes the landscape from fruitfulness to barrenness. The first dialogue shows the baiting of a priest by Italian officers. Henry is blown up while consuming a piece of cheese. As he is being transported to the hospital, a dead soldier bleeds all over him. The bleeding soldier had been put above him in the ambulance. The man bleeds on Henry till he dies. Henry remembers that the stream of blood just k ept on flowing. â€Å"In the dark, I could not see where it came from the canvas overhead†¦ After a while, the stream from the stretcher above lessened and started to drip again and I heard and felt the canvas move as the man on the stretcher settled more comfortably. â€Å"How is he?† the Englishman called back. â€Å"We’re almost up.† â€Å"He’s dead I think,† I said (Hemingway, 1948, pg61). Two of his favorite subordinates, Passini and Aymo die, and he feels that they died unreasonably. By the end of the war, his best friend, Rinaldi ends up having a depression. When Henry asks Catherine what happened to his fiancà ©e the way she responds to the questions shows the devastating effects of the war. â€Å"He didn’t have a saber cut. They blew him all to bits† (Hemingway, p20). The author’s choice of words shows how he personally felt about the World Wars. The wounds that the characters get in the war show the way they af fect the individual’s life even when they are away from the battlefield. While Henry is in Milan, he runs into an American-Italian on his convalescenceAdvertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Themes in A Farewell to Arms specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More leave. Ettore Moretti had been injured three times in his body. He had a wound on the shoulder, on the leg, and the foot. Moretti describes his injury in lurid detail. â€Å"There’s dead bone in my foot that stinks right now. Every morning I take new pieces out, and it stinks all the time† (Hemingway, 1948, pg122). There are feelings of helplessness, defeat, and despair. Henry himself also suffers from an injury and has to take some time off recuperating in Milan. The doctor describes his wounds in detail. â€Å"Multiple superficial wounds of the left and right thigh and the left and right knee and right foot. Deep wounds of right knee and foot . Lacerations of the scalpwith possible fracture of the skull. Incurred in the line of duty† (Hemingway, 1948, pg59). Masculinity This is one of the main themes in the novel. Women are portrayed or treated as sexual objects. The reader encounters the first hero, Rinaldi in a brothel. Catherine Barkley is a nurse in the world of the Italians where all the women are viewed as whores. Rinaldi speaks to her and even fantasizes about marriage with her, but eventually, his attitude goes back to the standard attitude of male dominance and chivalry. â€Å"What a lovely girl†¦Does she understand that? She will make you a fine boy. A fine blonde like she is What a lovely girl.†(Hemmingway, 1948, pg99). If one encounters a doctor, he would ask if he is excellent in surgery and can make a fine leg. However, in the novel, Rinaldi thinks whether the nurse is sexually adequate if she will be able to make a fine boy! When Henry comes back from Milan, Rinaldi asks him whether Cathe rine was of practical help to him. The question carries with it a strong sexual connotation. The soldiers visit whores and regard the women as nothing more as the nature of work that they do. When the whores are being loaded into a truck for a retreat, the men start talking about how much they are being overcharged for the women’s services. They speak of the low value they get from them. â€Å"Over in half an hour or fifteen minutes. Sometimes less. Sometimes a good deal less.† (Hemmingway, 1948, pg170-171).Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The soldiers in another scene start baiting the priest with sexual jokes, totally disrespecting the nature of the life he has chosen and making him profoundly uncomfortable. There is hostility between Henry and the women in authority. He also shows chivalry and a domineering masculine nature when he interacts with the head of the hospital in Milan, Miss Van Campen. The nurse sees Henry as domineering and rude while Henry sees that she is jealous of the sexual relationship he has with Catherine. He considers Miss Campen as the old maid who persecutes those who have sex as she has never experienced sex herself. In the final struggle with her, he tells her she cannot judge him since she is not a man. Secondly, he does not view her as a full woman either because she has not had any sexual experiences (Fetterley, 1976). Henry does not like being dominated by any woman who is evident when he speaks of his experiences with whores. â€Å"Does she(the whore) say that she loves him? Yes if h e wants her to. Does he say he loves her? He does if he wants to† (Hemmingway, 1948, pg105). Catherine in speaking of her dead fiancà ©e tells Henry how he wanted them to have sex. However, Catherine was reluctantly bound by the traditional mindsets of the society at that time. This shows the difference in how men and women perceived sex at that time. It is a casual affair for the men while it carries significant weight for the women. Lack of heroism The author does not show the traditional kind of hero that is often portrayed in war literature books. When comparing Henry to these heroes, he immediately falls short or pales in comparison. In the period that Henry is first called to serve at the Italian Front, Henry does not show any heroic thoughts on the war or retribution. He spends idyllic days with his friends in brothels and cafes. â€Å"I watched the snow falling, looking out of the window of the bawdy house, the house for officers, where I sat with a friend and two gl asses drinking a bottle of Asti† (Hemingway,1948, pg6). There are feelings of detachment from Henry concerning the war (Silvester, 2002). He is not involved emotionally in the process. He goes ahead and naively thinks â€Å"well, I knew I would not be killed. Not in this war. It did not have anything to do with me. It seemed no more dangerous than a war in the movies†(Hemingway, 1948, pg37). Henry at the beginning of the novel is a naà ¯ve man on the war and its close devastating effects (Dodman, 2006). When Catherine asks why as an American he is fighting in the Italian army, Henry gives a lot of evasive answers. It is an odd thing which Catherine mentions to him, but Henry just comments that in life there are at times when there is no explanation for everything. This shows the lack of traditional heroism attributes in Henry again. A heroic individual would have taken the opportunity to elaborate on the importance of fighting in the war and the reasons for his actions . He describes how his injury occurred while he was eating cheese. There are no glorified stories as he narrates the incident. He does not show heroism or patriotism. They are almost irrelevant to him (Hatten, 1993) He also feels a lot of helplessness at his role as an ambulance driver in the war. He does not see how he plays a critical role in the whole process. Henry observes that â€Å"Everything seemed in good condition. It evidently made no difference whether I was there or not. I had imagined that the condition of the cars, whether, or not things were obtainable, the smooth functioning of the business of removing wounded and sick from the dressing stations depended to a considerable extent on myself. Evidently it did not matter whether I was there or not (Hemingway, 1948, pg16). Initially, he had thought he was important, and the smooth running of operations depended on him. Henry faces the reality of the war and its horrors in the battleground that totally shatters the way he used to see things. Certain concepts lose meaning. The value of a man’s life seems not to carry much weight as he sees the dead soldiers. His thoughts are now devoid of any heroism or similar concepts. He concludes that the â€Å"Abstract words such as glory, honor courage, or hallow were obscene†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Hemingway, 1948, pg185). He is under such trauma that he says â€Å"I had seen nothing sacred, and the things that were glorious had no glory, and the sacrifices were like the stockyards at Chicago if nothing was done with the meat except to bury it† (Hemingway, 1948, pg185). The honor and glory of the dead soldier are not expressed by Catherine either when she speaks of her dead fiancà ©e. She tells Henry that her fiancà ©e was killed and that was the end. Her actual words are that he was blown to bits. There is no portrayal of the woman who despite her loss speaks of her brave and patriotic man who participated in the war and lost his life. In the end, He nry gives in to his desire to be with Catherine and deserts the army. He feels a lot of shame though for what he has done and tells Catherine that they live like criminals. l wish we did not always have to live like criminals, I said. Darling, dont be that way. You havent lived like a criminal very long l feel like a criminal. Ive deserted from the army. Darling, please be sensible. It s not deserting from the army. Its only the Italian army. (Hemmingway, 1948, pg251) Escapism There is the element of individuals seeking escape in A Farewell to Arms. Catherine meets Henry when she is mourning for her dead fiancà ©. She does not really deal with her pain but immediately starts flirting and engaging in a romance with Henry. She uses love to escape from the pain. Similarly, Henry has seen the horrors of war which have had a significant impact on him. He also escapes into a love relationship with Catherine. In the end, he even escapes from his duties and goes with Catherine to Switzer land where they can live an idyllic life. He, however, does feel guilty for the decisions that he has made. They, therefore, find a form of temporary solace from the pain they have experienced. What started as a pleasant distraction for both of them soon becomes what sustains them and prevents them from going crazy in their minds. The novel portrays that love has some curative properties for the ones who choose to use it in order to escape from pain. However, the individual who still uses love to escape pain can never really be wholly healed; he will always to some extent be in pain. Love, therefore, is shown as a metaphor for illness and cure (Lahrmann, 2006) Love In the book, love is a recurrent theme that plays a significant role both in Henry’s and Catherine’s lives. The way the couple relates shows the depth of their feelings for each other. Looking at what Catherine tells Henry concerning her feelings, they are now past the age of flirting to deep feelings for ea ch other. Initially, they had been playing and flirting with each other which Catherine knows very well. â€Å"I did not love Catherine Barkley nor had any idea of loving her. This was a game like bridge, in which you said things instead of playing cards This is a rotten game we play, isnt it? What game? Dont be dull. Im not, on purpose. Youre a nice boy, she said. And you play it as well as you know how. But its a rotten game. Do you always know what people think? Not always. But I do with you. You dont have to pretend you love me. Thats over for the evening But I do love you. Please lets not lie when we dont have to. I had a very fine little show, and Im all right now. (Hemmingway,1948, pg 30- l). Catherine’s fiancà © had been killed in the war, and after nearly a year in mourning, she was still in pain. Henry was initially a diversion, a stand-in for the time being to play with. When Catherine slaps Henry in another scene, he gets angry but is certain of conquering her . He plans to achieve mastery of the game, seeing their interaction together as moves in a chess game. Later, they fall in love and their conversation changes. Catherine, deep in love tells Henry â€Å"Ill say just what you wish and Ill do what you wish, and then you will never want any other girls will you? There isnt any me any more. Just what you want. (Hemmingway, 1948, pg115) Catherine is very submissive even as she expresses her love to her man (Lockridge, 1988) â€Å"There isnt any me. I m you. Youre my religion. Youre all Ive got (Hemmingway, 1948, pg 116). Henry, in the beginning, had portrayed himself as an individual who does not love at all. He had told the priest that he does not love. In the course of the novel; however, he falls deeply in love with Catherine, abandons the army and escapes with her into Switzerland. Dodman, Trevor. â€Å"Going All to Pieces: A Farewell to Arms as Trauma Narrative† Twentieth Century Literature,52.3 (2006):249-274. Print. Fett erley, Judith. â€Å"A Farewell to Arms: Hemingways â€Å"Resentful Cryptogram† The Journal of Popular Culture, X:1 (1976): 203–214. Print. Hatten, Charles. â€Å"The Crisis of Masculinity, Reified Desire, and Catherine Barkley in A Farewell to Arms Journal of the History of Sexuality, 4.1(1993): 76-98. Print. Hemingway, Ernest. A Farewell to Arms. New York. 1948. Print. Lahrmann, Jessica. â€Å"Metaphorical Illness in Hemingways Works.† College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal (2006): 1-30. https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=httpsredir=1article=1016context=curejseiredir=1#search=%22escape%20from%20pain%20farewell%20arms%20journal%22 Lockridge, Ernest. â€Å"Faithful in Her Fashion: Catherine Barkley, the Invisible Hemingway Heroine†. The Journal of Narrative Technique, 18.2(1988): 170-178. Print. Merril, Robert. â€Å"Tragic Form in a Farewell to Arms.† American Literature, 45. 4(1974): 571-579. Print. Silvester, K atie. â€Å"The Wound in War Literature: An Image of Heroism† Chrestomathy: Annual Review of Undergraduate Research at the College of Charleston, 1(2002):214-231. Print.

Strategic Management and Business Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Management and Business Policy - Essay Example A Pro-quest article states that people with education who want to become an entrepreneur, take the risk f owning or controlling a business because they use their knowledge to ensure promising business opportunities (Anonymous, 2005). It is well understood that people who have well-educated skills acquired from tertiary education, become entrepreneurs to turn their dream and vision into action. Knowledge gained by education consists f guidance, and not to tell you what to do in life. Most successors who take this into considerations have broader views and more information on how to succeed in life. Although what education from class may not be true, or mean anything towards their view, it is solely up to the person him/her self to use the techniques that they have learned through education. In 1913, Henry Ford, the founder f 'Ford Motors' used his educated knowledge for mass producing cars, which increased production greatly, as well as decreased the cost per car by two-thirds (Jones, et al, 2000). Henry Ford introduced the 'classical scientific theory' (established by Frederick W. Taylor) towards his manufacturing company. With the use f this theory in which he implemented, he experimented to discover the most efficient way that each worker performed in their one specialized task (Jones, et al, 2000). Although each process was very repetitive, production for cars grew, and costs were cut down which made Henry Ford a huge success person within the car production industry. With such an innovative idea which Henry Ford implemented, through the use f the 'classical scientific management theory', Henry Ford became one f the biggest entrepreneurs in the history f car manufacturing. Another great entrepreneur who used his educated skills greatly is Stewart L. Tubbs. Tubbs is the author f the book "Leadership: Communication, Innovation, and Change". Tim McGraw Quotes "He was the dean f the College f Business at Eastern Michigan University. He received his doctorate in communication and organizational behavior from the University f Kansas. His master's degree in communication and his bachelor's degree in science are from Bowling Green State University. He has completed postdoctoral work in management at Harvard Business School, the University f Michigan, and Michigan State University." (McGraw 2002) Although Tubbs is only an author for the McGraw publisher, is had many success stories f how he becomes the person he is currently. Tubbs has used his widely well-educated skills and been named outstanding teacher 3 times, as well as being an outstanding scholar twice. He has also consulted with over 500 companies have has achieved more than he ever could wish for (McGraw 2002). Along with educational purposes, they are able to extensively use educated skills gained by academic classes/buildings, in order to support their decisions in which they make to become their own entrepreneur. In Tubbs case, Tubbs took his knowledge to pursue his goals in life.